In other words, "N 42☃5' W" describes the same boundary as "S 42☃5' E" but is traversed in the opposite direction. This has the advantage of providing the same degree measure regardless of which direction a particular boundary is being followed the boundary can be traversed in the opposite direction simply by exchanging N for S and E for W. For example, such a bearing might be listed as "N 42☃5' W", which means that the bearing is 42☃5' counterclockwise, or west of north. In many deeds, the direction is described not by azimuth (a clockwise degree measure out of 360 degrees) but instead by bearing (a direction north or south followed by a degree measure out of 90 degrees and another direction west or east). Where watercourses form part of the bounds their meander is generally taken as a straight line between the established corners and their monuments. The description then gives distance, direction and various boundary descriptions as if one were walking the bounds pacing off the distance to the next corner where there is a change of direction.
Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. town boundaries) where precise definition is not required or would be far too expensive, or previously designated boundaries can be incorporated into the description. The system is often used to define larger pieces of property (e.g. Bounds ( Abuttals and boundaries) refer to a more general boundary description, such as along a certain watercourse, a stone wall, an adjoining public road way, or an existing building.
A direction may be a simple compass bearing or a precise orientation determined by accurate survey methods.
It may include references to other adjoining parcels (and their owners), and it, in turn, could also be referred to in later surveys. The boundaries are described in a running prose style, working around the parcel in sequence, from a point of beginning, returning to the same point compare with the oral ritual of beating the bounds. Typically the system uses physical features of the local geography, along with directions and distances, to define and describe the boundaries of a parcel of land. While still in hand-me-down use, this system has been largely overtaken in the past few centuries by newer systems such as rectangular (government survey) and lot and block (recorded plat).
By custom, it was applied in the original Thirteen Colonies that became the United States and in many other land jurisdictions based on English common law, including Zimbabwe, South Africa, India and Bangladesh. The system is also used in the Canadian province of Ontario, and throughout Canada for the description of electoral districts. The system has been used in England for many centuries and is still used there in the definition of general boundaries. Metes and bounds is a system or method of describing land, real property (in contrast to personal property) or real estate. Method of describing land in deeds and other records
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